Polygenic adaptation refers to the process by which populations evolve in response to natural selection acting on multiple genetic variants or polygenic traits. This type of adaptation involves changes in the frequency of multiple alleles across the genome, rather than just a few specific genes. Polygenic adaptation is a complex and ongoing process that can lead to the evolution of populations over time in response to changing environmental pressures. Researchers study polygenic adaptation to understand how genetic variation contributes to the diversity and adaptation of different populations to their environments. It can also provide insights into the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases.